What Type of Family Structure and Marital Arrangements Were the Norm? Monique and the Mango
Family: Meaning, Characteristics, Function and Types!
Significant:
The family is an intimate domestic group fabricated upwardly of people related to one another by bonds of blood, sexual mating or legal ties. It is the smallest and most basic social unit, which is also the most important primary grouping found in any guild.
It is the simplest and most simple group plant in a lodge. It is a social group consisting of a father, mother and one or more than children. It is the most immediate group a kid is exposed to. In fact, it is the most enduring group, which has tremendous influence on the life of an private, from birth until expiry. It also accounts for the nigh enduring social relationship institute in lodge. Family has been divers by dissimilar social scientists.
Some of these definitions are given beneath:
'Family is a group defined by sexual relationship, sufficiently precise and indelible to provide for the procreation and upbringing of children.'
– Maclver
'The family, almost without question, is the most important of whatever groups that human experience offers … the family … is with us always, or more precisely, we are with information technology.'
– Robert Bierstedt
'Family is a more than or less durable association of husband and wife, with or without child, or of a man or woman alone, with children.'
– M. F. Nimkoff
'Family is the biological social unit equanimous of husband, wife and children.'
– Eliot and Merrill
'Family is a group of persons united past ties of marriage, blood or adoption constituting a unmarried household interacting and inter-communicating with each other in their respective social roles of hubby and wife, father and mother, son and daughter, brother and sis, creating a mutual civilisation.'
– Burgess and Locke
'Family is a group of persons, whose relations to one another are based upon consanguinity and who are therefore kin to one some other.'
– Kingsley Davis
Characteristics of Family unit :
1. Family is a Universal grouping. Information technology is constitute in some form or the other, in all types of societies whether archaic or modern.
2. A family is based on marriage, which results in a mating relationship between ii adults of opposite sex.
3. Every family provides an individual with a name, and hence, it is a source of classification.
4. Family is the group through which descent or ancestry can be traced.
5. Family unit is the most important grouping in any individual'due south life.
half dozen. Family is the well-nigh basic and important group in primary socialization of an individual.
7. A family is by and large limited in size, fifty-fifty large, joint and extended families.
8. The family is the most important grouping in order; it is the nucleus of all institutions, organizations and groups.
nine. Family unit is based on emotions and sentiments. Mating, procreation, maternal and congenial devotion, love and amore are the basis of family unit ties.
10. The family unit is a unit of emotional and economic cooperation.
11. Each member of family shares duties and responsibilities.
12. Every family is made up of married man and married woman, and/or 1 or more children, both natural and adopted.
13. Each family unit is made upward of different social roles, like those of husband, wife, female parent, male parent, children, brothers or sisters.
Functions of Family:
As a social group and equally an important social establishment, family performs various functions that are as follows:
1. Family is a unit of measurement through which procreation takes place. Marriage sanctions sexual relationships, and it also establishes a family unit, which is further reinforced with the birth of children.
2. The procedure of reproduction is institutionalized, regulated and controlled in a family. The family unit legitimizes the act of reproduction.
3. Family helps in propagation of human being species and perpetuation of human race.
4. Family provides an individual with an identity.
5. It is through the family that every family proper name is carried on from one generation to another.
half dozen. Family is responsible for the product and upbringing of children.
7. Family is an important agent of socialization. The primary socialization of any private takes place inside the family. The immediate family members teach all the bones rules and norms of social life to a kid.
8. Family is also an important amanuensis of cultural transmission. Civilization is transmitted from one generation to another through family. All the aspects of civilization are learnt within the family unit construction.
9. Family unit is a great source of strength, emotional and psychological, for its members. All the members are aware that they tin can depend upon their family in the times of demand.
x. Family provides an individual with a home, and establishes enduring social relationships.
xi. The family is the basis of segmentation of labour, where all members have their duties and obligations towards each other.
12. A family fulfills the economic needs of its members. This role has undergone transformation, with families moving from beingness product and consumption units in earlier times, to becoming more of consuming units rather than a producing ane. Now-a-days, members of a family no longer produce things themselves; rather, they leave and work for some budgetary remuneration or wages.
13. Family unit is traditionally responsible for the teaching of the children.
14. Family also has a recreational part. Before, almost recreation was family- based. Family gatherings during festivals, functions, family reunions, marriages, brought entire families together. Now-a-days, taking family members out on holidays or for movies, plays, dinners, or parties, etc., perform the same function.
Types or Forms of Family unit :
We shall look at some of the types of family unit in this department (Figure 1).
A description of the in a higher place classification of types or forms of family is explained here:
1. Based on Nativity:
Family of Orientation:
The family in which an individual is built-in is his family unit of orientation.
Family of Procreation:
The family where an private sets up after his/her marriage is his/her family unit of procreation.
The family unit of orientation and procreation may live together under the same roof, only tin still be distinguished.
ii. Based on Marriage:
Monogamous Family unit:
This family consists of one husband and married woman, including children and is based on monogamous marriages.
Polygynous Family:
A family unit consisting of ane married man, and more than than i married woman, and all the children born to all the wives or adopted by each of them. This type of family has its basis in the polygynous form of marriage.
Polyandrous Family:
A family made up of i wife and more than than one husband, and the children, either born or adopted with each 1 of them. This family unit is based on polyandrous wedlock.
iii. Based on Residence:
Family of Matrilocal Residence:
When a couple stays in the married woman's house, the family is known as family unit of matrilocal residence.
Family unit of Patrilocal Residence:
When a family unit stays in the business firm of husband, the family is known as family of patrilocal residence.
Family of Changing Residence:
When a family unit stays in the husband's firm for some time, and moves to married woman's house, stays at that place for a period of time, and then moves back to hubby's parents, or starts living in another identify, the family unit is called a family of changing residence.
4. Based on Beginnings or Descent:
Matrilineal Family:
When ancestry or descent is traced through the female person line, or through the female parent'due south side, the family is chosen matrilineal family.
Patrilineal Family:
A family in which the dominance is carried down the male line, and descent is traced through the male line or the father's side, is chosen a patrilineal family.
5. Based on Authorization:
Matriarchal Family:
Matriarchal families are more often than not plant in matrilineal societies. In these families, a adult female is the head of the family, and authority is vested in her. Succession of belongings is through the female line, i.east., only daughters inherit the belongings.
After wedlock, the married man resides in the wife'due south house and descent is traced through the mother's side. Here, children are brought upwardly in female parent'due south business firm. Thus, in matriarchal societies, the matrilocal system exists. Matriarchal families are found only in matrilineal societies, which are very limited in number all over the world. They are found in parts of Latin America, Ceylon, parts of Africa and Bharat (the Khasis and the Garos).
Patriarchal Family:
Patriarchal families are unremarkably found in all parts of the world, since most societies in the world are patrilineal societies. In patriarchal families, the caput of the family unit is a male, and authority is vested in him. Descent and property is passed through the male person line and children are brought upwardly in begetter's house. Such families are patrilocal in nature.
6. Based on the Nature of Relations:
Conjugal Family unit:
The conjugal family is made upwardly of adults among whom there is a sexual human relationship. It refers to a family system of spouses and their dependent children. The emphasis is placed on the marital relationship that exists between spouses. In modern times, the term 'bridal family' is beingness used for partners, who have a long- term sexual relationship, just are not actually married.
Consanguine Family:
A consanguine family unit is made up of members among whom a blood relation exists, or those who are consanguineal kin, i.e., a family consisting of parent(south) and children, or siblings (brothers, sisters, or brothers and sisters).
7. Based on state or structure:
Nuclear Family:
A nuclear family is a small group consisting of a husband, a wife and children, natural or adopted. It is more or less an autonomous unit that is not nether the command of adults or elders of the family. It consists of two generations only. In all modern societies, nuclear family is the about common type of family. In fact, nuclear family unit is both the consequence as well as the cause of the disintegration of joint family.
Joint Family:
A articulation family consists of three generation, living together nether the same roof, sharing the same kitchen and pocketbook or economic expenses. It is a family consisting of three nuclear families living together. According to Iravati Karve, a joint family is 'a group of people, who mostly live under the same roof, who swallow nutrient cooked at 1 hearth, who agree property in common, and who participate in common family worship and are related to each other as some particular type of kindered.'
In Figure 2, Ego (the shaded figure) is a part of a joint family unit consisting of four generations—the children, parents, grandparents and dandy-grandparents, all from the fathers side. These types of joint families are too known as patriarchal (father- centred) or patrilineal (lineage traced through the father s or male side) articulation families.
In such families, only unmarried daughters, or at times widowed daughters are a part of the family unit. Married daughters no longer belong to the family as they become a part of their husbands family. However, in the case of matriarchal joint families (mother-centered) or matrilineal (lineage or descent traced through the mothers side or the female side), daughters are a function of the joint family, whereas sons become a role of their wives' families.
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